Syllabus Statements

C1.2.1      ATP as the molecule that distributes energy within cells

C1.2.2      Life processes within cells that ATP supplies with energy

C1.2.3      Energy transfers during interconversions between ATP and ADP

C1.2.4      Cell respiration as a system for producing ATP within the cell using energy                               released from carbon compounds

C1.2.5      Differences between anaerobic and aerobic cell respiration in humans

C1.2.6      Variables affecting the rate of cell respiration

C1.2.7      Role of NAD as a carrier of hydrogen and oxidation by removal of hydrogen                           during cell respiration

C1.2.8      Conversion of glucose to pyruvate by stepwise reactions in glycolysis with a net                     yield of ATP and reduced NAD

C1.2.9      Conversion of pyruvate to lactate as a means of regenerating NAD in anaerobic                     cell respiration

C1.2.10     Anaerobic cell respiration in yeast and its use in brewing and baking

C1.2.11     Oxidation and decarboxylation of pyruvate as a link reaction in aerobic cell                             respiration

C1.2.12    Oxidation and decarboxylation of acetyl groups in the Krebs cycle with a yield of                      ATP and reduced NAD

C1.2.13    Transfer of energy by reduced NAD to the electron transport chain in the                               mitochondrion

C1.2.14    Generation of a proton gradient by flow of electrons along the electron transport                     chain

C1.2.15    Chemiosmosis and the synthesis of ATP in the mitochondrion

C1.2.16    Role of oxygen as terminal electron acceptor in aerobic cell respiration

C1.2.17    Differences between lipids and carbohydrates as respiratory substrates